https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netty_(software)
Netty is a non-blocking I/O (NIO) client-server framework for the development of Java network applications such as protocol servers and clients. The asynchronous event-driven network application framework and tools are used to simplify network programming such as TCP and UDP socket servers. Netty includes an implementation of the reactor pattern of programming. Originally developed by JBoss, Netty is now developed and maintained by the Netty Project Community.
Besides being an asynchronous network application framework, Netty also includes built-in HTTPprotocol support, including the ability to run inside a servlet container, support for WebSockets, integration with Google Protocol Buffers, SSL/TLS support, support for SPDY protocol and support for message compression.
As of version 4.0.0, Netty also supports the usage of NIO.2 as a backend, along with NIO and blocking Java sockets.
http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/netty-million-level-push-service-design-points
由于网络不稳定经常会导致客户端断连，如果服务端没有能够及时关闭socket，就会导致处于close_wait状态的链路过多。close_wait状态的链路并不释放句柄和内存等资源，如果积压过多可能会导致系统句柄耗尽，发生“Too many open files”异常，新的客户端无法接入，涉及创建或者打开句柄的操作都将失败。
close_wait是被动关闭连接是形成的，根据TCP状态机，服务器端收到客户端发送的FIN，TCP协议栈会自动发送ACK，链接进入close_wait状态。但如果服务器端不执行socket的close()操作，状态就不能由close_wait迁移到last_ack，则系统中会存在很多close_wait状态的连接。通常来说，一个close_wait会维持至少2个小时的时间（系统默认超时时间的是7200秒，也就是2小时）。如果服务端程序因某个原因导致系统造成一堆close_wait消耗资源，那么通常是等不到释放那一刻，系统就已崩溃。
导致close_wait过多的可能原因如下：
- 程序处理Bug，导致接收到对方的fin之后没有及时关闭socket，这可能是Netty的Bug，也可能是业务层Bug，需要具体问题具体分析；
- 关闭socket不及时：例如I/O线程被意外阻塞，或者I/O线程执行的用户自定义Task比例过高，导致I/O操作处理不及时，链路不能被及时释放。
